نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• هوشنگ قمرنیا ¹
• سمیه عنایتی ²

¹ گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه رازی

² گروه مهندسی آب ، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران

چکیده

آب زیرزمینی از اصلی ترین منابع تامین کننده آب کشاورزی، شرب و صنعت در کشور به شمار می آید. در بسیاری از نقاط جها ن در حدود 60 درصد از آب آشامیدنی و 40 در صد از آبهای بخش کشاورزی و صنعت نیز از طریق آبهای زیر زمینی تامین میشود. از طرفی کشور ما جزء مناطق خشک و نیمه خشـک جهان محسوب شده و نقش آبهای زیر زمینی در تامین آب اکثر نقاط کشور چشمگیر است. به دلیل افزایش جمعیت، افزایش سطح رفاه، توسعه صنایع و کشاورزی در کنار تغییرات اقلیمی همواره منابع آب زیرزمینی از جهت کمی و کیفی در حال تغییر است. بنابراین بررسی تغییرات کمی و کیفی آب زیرزمینی جهت مدیریت آن امری ضروری به نظر می‌رسد. بدین منظور در تحقیق پیش رو به بررسی تغییرات کیفی آب زیرزمینی دشت بیجار- دیواندره، جهت رسوبگذاری و خورندگی، با استفاده از اطلاعات دریافتی در سالهای 1388 تا 1397 و در هرسال برای دو ماه خرداد و مهر ماه به ترتیب به عنوان ماههای پر آب وکم آب، با بکار گیری سامانه اطلاعات جغرافیایی (GIS)، پرداخته شده است. همچنین با ارزیابی شاخص‌های متعدد جهت تعیین خورندگی و رسوب‌گذاری، شاخص‌های معتبری نظیر لانژلیه، رایزنز و پوکوریوس برای کاربری صنعتی و تحلیل رسوب‌گذاری و خورندگی در این پژوهش مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. نتایج حاصل از شاخص‌های ذکر شده در مجموع، بیانگر این امر بود که آب زیرزمینی نواحی غربی دشت مستعد خورندگی و نواحی شرقی مستعد رسوب‌گذاری می‌باشند و شاخص رایزنر کیفیت آب بخشی از مرکز دشت را خنثی نشان داد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• آب زیرزمینی
• استان کردستان
• شاخص لانژلیه
• رایزنر
• پوکوریوس

موضوعات

• مدیریت منابع آب

عنوان مقاله [English]

Groundwater quality zoning of Bijar-Divandere plain in Kurdistan province in terms of sedimentation and corrosion using GIS

نویسندگان [English]

• Houshang Ghamarnia ¹
• Somayeh Enayati ²

¹ Department of Water Resources Engineering,, Razi University

² Department of Water Resources Engineering, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran

چکیده [English]

Due to population growth, increasing welfare, development of industries and agriculture along with climate change, groundwater resources are always changing quantitatively and qualitatively. Therefore, it seems necessary to study the quantitative and qualitative changes of groundwater to manage. For this purpose, in the present investigation to study the groundwater quality changes of Bijar-Divandere plain, for sedimentation and corrosion, by using the information in the years 2009 to 2018 and for each year for two months of June and October were selected as high and low groundwater condition using the Geographic information system (GIS) respectively. Also, by evaluating various indicators to determine corrosion and sedimentation, valid indicators such as Langelier, Raisins and Pocorius for industrial use and sedimentation and corrosion analysis were used in this study.The results of the mentioned indicators in generalshowed that the groundwater of the western areas of the plain was prone to corrosion and the eastern areas were prone to sedimentation and the Reisner index showed the water quality of part of the center of the plain as neutral condition.



In general, corrosion is a phenomenon that occurs due to the contact of materials with the environment. In the field of materials engineering, this phenomenon is studied in two important branches, which include corrosion of materials resulting from erosion and electrochemical corrosion. The first type involves the destruction of materials by physical factors such as the impact of suspended solids in water or sewage pipes. But the second type involves creating an electric cell and performing chemical reactions between the environment and the materials in it, which occurs due to the nature of the process in metal materials such as steel pipes used in water transmission and distribution lines.

Sedimentation is a complex phenomenon that causes the accumulation of undesirable sediments on the surface of industrial equipment. Sedimentation involves the combination of divalent metal ions in water with hardening agents. The major sediments formed are calcium carbonate, magnesium hydroxide, calcium sulfate and magnesium chloride. In some cases, the resulting sediment clogs the pipes and increases the operating costs of the water supply facility. Sedimentation reduces the flow rate of water supply pipelines and reduces the efficiency of valves and fittings. Investigations due to decay of water transmission pipelines indicate the loss of about 30% of water in water transmission and distribution lines.Corrosion in water pipes not only destroys the pipe material, but also reduces the quality of drinking water due to chemical and biological reactions in the water distribution system.Since groundwater resources are the main sources of drinking water and agriculture in all parts of our country, Iran, so the study of the chemical quality of these waters seems necessary. In general, many solutions have been proposed to prevent corrosion and sedimentation in water transmission and distribution lines. However, the use of forecasting and control methods can more favorably reduce the effects and damage caused by these two phenomena in the water treatment, transmission and delivery industry.In general, water quality is a relative matter and represents the properties of water and is defined through physical, chemical and biological properties. Groundwater quality operates on a spatial and temporal scale and its properties cannot be measured in Assumed fixed time and place.Investigation of sedimentation and corrosion of groundwater in Sari with the view of industrial, urban and agricultural use by (Ehsani et al., 2013: 29) was done. By studying 20 different sampling points of groundwater resources in the study area and determining the results of physical and chemical experiments, using corrosion and sedimentation indices (Langelie and Reisner), groundwater resources have been studied.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Groundwater
• Kurdistan Province
• Langelee
• Reisner
• Pocorius