Document Type : Case Report
Author
Assist. Professor, Department of Agricultural Extension and Education, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Mollasani, Iran
Abstract
This study was conducted with the general purpose of explaining the behavior of agricultural water conservation among farmers in Bavi County. The statistical population of this study consisted of all farmers in Bavi County of Khuzestan province. Using Cochran formula sampling and the stratified proportional sampling method, 190 persons were selected as the study sample. The data collection tool of the study was a questionnaire whose validity was confirmed by a panel of experts, and its reliability was established by calculating Chronbach's Alpha Coefficient (α > 0.7). Data analysis was done by SPSSwin18 and Smart Pls software. In this research, the theory of planned behavior was used for the research framework. The results of structural equation modeling showed that the variables of attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavior control, and inclination are able to explain 60.5% of water conservation behavior. In general, the results of this study can provide new insights for policymakers in this field, because in previous studies, more emphasis has been placed on incentives and limitations for water conservation, and attention has not been paid to environmental psychological studies.
Keywords
Main Subjects
Adeli, B. Moradi, H. Keshavarz, M. and Amirnezhad, H. (2014). Drought and economic reflections in rural areas of Shush city. J. Spa. Eco. Rur. Deve. 3(3), 131-148 [In Pension].
Ajzen, I. (1991). The Theory of Planned Behavior‖. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179211. DOI. 10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T
Azadi, Y. Yazdanpanah, M. Forouzani, M. and Mahmoudi, H. (2019). Farmers' adaptation choices to climate change: a case study of wheat growers in Western Iran. J. Wat. Clim. 10(1), 102-116. DOI. 10.2166/wcc.2018.242
Carrero-Parreño, A. Ruiz-Femenia, R. Caballero, J. A. Reyes-Labarta, J. A. and Grossmann, I. E. (2018). Sustainable Optimal Strategic Planning for Shale Water Management. Com. Aid. Chemi. Engi. 43: 657-662. DOI. 10.1016/B978-0-444-64235-6.50117-0
Chan, L. and Bishop, B. (2013). A moral basis for recycling: extending the theory of planned behavior. J. Envi. Psy. 36, 96–102. DOI. 10.1016/j.jenvp.2013.07.010
Chen, M. F. (2017). Modeling an extended theory of planned behavior model to predict intention to take precautions to avoid consuming food with additives. Food Qual. Prefer. 58, 24–33.
Damalas, C.A. and Koutroubas, S.D. (2018). Farmers’behaviour in pesticide use: akey concept for improving environmental safety. Curr. Opin. Environ. Sci. Health 4, 27–30.
De Bruijn, G. J. (2010). Understanding college student’s fruit consumption. Integrating habit strength in the theory of planned behavior. Appe. 54(1), 16-22. DOI. 10.1016/j.appet.2009.08.007
Feldmeyer, D. Wilden, D. Jamshed, A. and Birkmann, J. (2020). Regional climate resilience index: A novel multimethod comparative approach for indicator development, empirical validation and implementation. Ecol. Indi. 119, 106861.
Fengjiao, Z. Bing, W. Jie, X. and Linbo, L. (2013). Analyzing public transportation competitiveness based on the theory of planned behavior. Fourth International Conference on Transportation Engineering, USA, 3139- 3147. DOI. 10.1061/9780784413159.455
Gao, L. Wang, S. Li, J. and Li, H. (2017). Application of the extended theory of planned behavior to understand individual’s energy saving behavior in workplaces. Res. Cons. Rec. 127, 107-113. DOI. 10.1016/j.resconrec.2017.08.030
Hannah, L. Donatti, C. I. Harvey, C. A. Alfaro, E. Rodriguez, D. A. Bouroncle, C. Castellanos, E. Diaz, F. Fung, E. Hidalgo, H. Imbach, P. Läderach, P. Landrum, J. and Solano, A. L. (2017). Regional modeling of climate change impacts on smallholder agriculture and ecosystems in Central America. Clim. Chan. 141(1), 29-45. DOI. 10.1007/s10584-016-1867-y
Jia, K. Qiao, W. Chai, Y. Feng, T. Wang, Y. and Ge, D. (2020). Spatial distribution characteristics of rural settlements under diversified rural production functions: A case of Taizhou, China. Ha. Inter. 102, 102201. DOI. 10.1016/j.habitatint.2020.102201
Khatibi, S. A. Golkarian, A. Mosaedi, A. and Sojasi Qeidari, H. (2019). Assessment of Resilience to Drought of Rural Communities in Iran. J. Soc. Serv. Res. 45(2), 151-165. DOI. 10.1080/01488376.2018.1479342
Khoshmaram, M. Shiri, N. Shinnar, R. S. and Savari, M. (2020). Environmental support and entrepreneurial behavior among Iranian farmers: The mediating roles of social and human capital. J. Sma. Bus. Manag. 1-25. DOI. 10.1080/01488376.2018.1479342
Kilic, D. S. and Dervisoglu, S. (2013). Examination of water saving behavior within framework of Theory of Planned Behavior. Inter. J. Seco. Educ. 1(3), 8-13 DOI. 10.11648/j.ijsedu.20130103.11.
Lubran, M. B. (2010). Factors Influencing Maryland Farmers’ On-farm Processing License Application Behavior. PhD Dissertation. University of Maryland, USA.
Mohmmed, A. Li, J. Elaru, J. Elbashier, M. M. Keesstra, S. Artemi, C. and Teffera, Z. (2018). Assessing drought vulnerability and adaptation among farmers in Gadaref region, Eastern Sudan. Lan. Us. Poli. 70, 402-413. DOI. 10.1016/j.landusepol.2017.11.027
Panigrahi, P. Srivastava, A. K. and Huchche, A. D. (2012). Effects of drip irrigation regimes and basin irrigation on Nagpur mandarin agronomical and physiological performance. Agri. Wat. Man. 104, 79-88. DOI. 10.1016/j.agwat.2011.11.018
Savari, M. and Moradi, M. (2022). The effectiveness of drought adaptation strategies in explaining the livability of Iranian rural households. Habitat International, 124, 102560. DOI. 10.1016/j.habitatint.2022.102560
Savari, M. Abdeshahi, A. Gharechaee, H. and Nasrollahian, O. 2021. Explaining farmers’ response to water crisis through theory of the norm activation model: Evidence from Iran. Int. J. Dis. Ris. Redu. 60, 102284. DOI. 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2021.102284
Savari, M. Mombeni, A. S. and Izadi, H. (2022a). Socio-psychological determinants of Iranian rural households' adoption of water consumption curtailment behaviors. Scien. Repo. 12(1), 1-12. DOI. 10.1038/s41598-022-17560-x
Savari, M. Yazdanpanah, M. and Rouzaneh, D. (2022b). Factors affecting the implementation of soil conservation practices among Iranian farmers. Scien. Repo. 12(1), 1-13. DOI. 10.1038/s41598-022-12541-6
Savari, M. and Zhoolideh, M. (2021). The role of climate change adaptation of small-scale farmers on the household’s food security level in the west of Iran. Deve. Prac. 1-15. DOI. 10.1080/09614524.2021.1911943
Savari, M. Ebrahimi-Maymand, R. and Mohammadi-Kanigolzar, F. (2013). The Factors influencing the application of organic farming operations by farmers in Iran. Agris on-line Papers in Econ. Infor. 5(665-2016-44970), 179-187. DOI. 10.22004/ag.econ.162300
Sedem, E. D. William, A. and Gideon, D. A. (2016). Effect of access to agriculture credit on farm income in the Talensi district of northern Ghana. Rus. J. Agri. Socio-Econo. Scie. 55(7). DOI. 10.18551/rjoas.2016-07.06
Varghese, S. K. Veettil, P. C. Speelman, S. Buysse, J. and Van Huylenbroeck, G. (2013). Estimating the causal effect of water scarcity on the groundwater use efficiency of rice farming in South India. Eco. Eco. 86, 55-64. DOI. 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2012.10.005
Yazdanpanah, M. Feyzabad, F. R. Forouzani, M. Mohammadzadeh, S. and Burton, R. J. (2015). Predicting farmers’ water conservation goals and behavior in Iran: A test of social cognitive theory. La. Us. Pol. 47, 401-407. DOI. 10.1016/j.landusepol.2015.04.022
Zhang, Y. Zhou, D. Li, Z. and Qi, L. (2020). Spatial and temporal dynamics of social-ecological resilience in Nepal from 2000 to 2015. Phy. Chem. Ear. Par. 120, 102894. DOI. 10.1016/j.pce.2020.102894
)