Evaluation of Operation of Irrigation Systems, Learning Resources and Educational Needs Assessment of Greenhouse Owners with Water Scarcity Adaptation Approach (Case Study: Qazvin Province)

Farahza, Mohammad Navid; Nazari, Bijan

doi:10.22034/jewe.2021.260337.1476

Document Type : Case Report

Authors

¹ PhD Scholar, Department of Water Engineering, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran.

² Assoc. Professor, Department of Water Engineering, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran

https://doi.org/10.22034/jewe.2021.260337.1476

Abstract

Emphasis on water resources based on adaptation to water scarcity makes production adaptable to climate conditions. In this study, after identifying the educational resources, the educational needs of greenhouse owners were determined prioritized with reference to water scarcity conditions. For the educational needs assessment, three-dimensional model and Delphi method were applied. Data were analyzed using mean and standard deviation indices and Kolmogorov and Smirnov, one-sample t, one-sample Sign, Kruskal-Wallis, and Yumen-Whitney tests. The findings of this study showed that the operating status of irrigation systems from the three perspectives of "greenhouse owners", "experts" and "trainers" were 4.34±0.95, 2.83±1.04 and 2.86±0.64 (out of 5 points), respectively. The status of exploitation of educational resources from the three points of view were 2.26±1.23, 2.46±0.99 and 2.56±1.10 (out of 5 points), respectively. Moreover, the knowledge and skills of greenhouse owners regarding educational needs from the three perspectives were 3.61±0.9, 2.50±1.09 and 2.48±0.9 (out of 5 points), respectively. Evaluations showed that greenhouse owners are not aware of the principles of proper operation of irrigation systems and do not have sufficient knowledge and skills regarding educational needs. It is necessary to change the content and use of educational resources according to the greenhouse owner's conditions and interests. In addition, the most important educational needs of greenhouses owners based on the three views were "time management of different stages of irrigation", "how to use irrigation systems" and "introduction of different irrigation systems and their disadvantages and benefits".

Keywords

References

Abedi Koupai, J., Islamians, S. S. and Amiri, M. J. (2009). Greenhouse crops are a way to increase water use efficiency. Proc. 1^et Int. Conf. on Hydroponics and Greenhouse Crops, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan [In Persian].

Al-Agelly, H. M. A. and Al-Jumaily, M. H. J. (2019). The training needs and cognitive option crop crous in green house in Salah Al Din Province Samarra District. Tikrit J. Agri. Sci., 18(3), 79-88.

Al-Mezeini, N. K., Oukil, A. and Al-Ismaili, A. M. (2020). Investigating the efficiency of greenhouse production in Oman: A two-stage approach based on data envelopment analysis and double bootstrapping. J. Clean. Product., 247, 1-9. Doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.119160

Anonymous. (2019). Agricultural statistics crop year 2018. Volume two, Ministry of Agriculture Jihad, Deputy of Planning and Economics, ICT Center [In Persian].

Aslani, M., Gholamrezaei, S. and Ebrahimi, M. S. (2015). Prioritizing training needs of greenhouse owners: Case of Najaf-Abad County. J. Greenhouse Culture Sci. Technol., 6(22), 175-184 [In Persian].

Cronbach, L. J. (1951). Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests. Psychomet., 16, 297–334.

Farzamnia, M., Miranzadeh, M. and Jihad Akbar, M. R. (2015). Irrigation planning of greenhouse tomatoes using evaporation pan. class A. Sci. Technol. Greenhouse Crops. 6(21), 15-28 [In Persian].

Fathi Vajargah, K. (2005). Educational needs assessment (patterns and techniques), Third edition [In Persian].

Ghasemi, S. and Karami, E. (2009). Attitudes and behaviors about pesticides use among greenhouse workers in Fars province. Agri. Econom. Develop., 23(1), 28-40 [In Persian].

Haghi, S. and Ebrahimi, M. S. (2014). Educational factors affecting the improve of greenhouse owners performance. J. Agri. Educat. Manage. Res., 6(30), 101-110 [In Persian].

Kahil, T., Albiac, J. Fischer, G. Strokal, M. Tramberend, S. Greve, P. Tang, T. Burek, P. Burtscher, R. and Wada, Y. (2019). A nexus modeling framework for assessing water scarcity solutions. Current Opinion Environ. Sustain., 40, 72-80.

Karimi, M. and Jolaini M. (2017). Evaluation of agricultural water productivity indices in major field crops in Mashhad plain (Technical Note). Water Sustain. Develop., 4(1), 133-138 [In Persian].

Latimer, J., Scoggins, H. Barden, V. and Lambur, M. (2002). Needs assessment survey of the Virginia greenhouse industry. Virginia: Polytechnic Institute and State University, 24061-0402.

Li, W., Hai, X. Han, L. Mao, J. and Tian, M. (2020). Does urbanization intensify regional water scarcity? Evidence and implications from a megaregion of China. J. Clean. Product., 244, 1-25.

Mattson, N. (2008). Needs assessment survey of the New York state greenhouse industry. Department of Horticulture, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY.

Najafipour R., Ramezani Etedali, H. and Nazari, B. (2019). Determination of water productivity and greenhouse cucumber water requirement in Qazvin. J. Water Soil, 33(6), 811-822 [In Persian].

Omani, A. R. and Chizari M. (2002). The role of education and extension on the technical Level of wheat farmers in Khuzestan province. Sci. Technic. Environ., 252, 44-56 [In Persian].

Ouda, S. and Hafeez Zohry, A. (2020). Water Scarcity Leads to Food Insecurity. Deficit Irrigation. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-35586-9_1.

Parhizkari, A., Mozaffari, M. M. Khaki, M. and Taghizade Ranjbari, H. (2015). Optimal allocation of water and lands resources in the Roudbar Alamout region using the FGFP model. J. Soil Water Resour. Conserv., 4(4), 12-24 [In Persian].

Rahman, M., Khatun, M. Rahman, M. L. and Haque, S. R. (2018). Assessment of training needs on crop production for farmers in some selected areas of Bangladesh. Bangladesh J. Agri. Res., 43(4), 669-690.

Raja, O., Parsinejad, M. and Sohrabi, T. (2019). Evaluation of managment strategies to reduce water use in Marvdasht-Kharameh study area. J. Soil Water Resour. Conserv., 8(4), 67 [In Persian].

Sabouri, M. S., Samari, D. and Dorostizade, M. (2016). Assessing training needs of greenhouse owners in Varamin county, using bourich model, Iran. J. Agri. Econom. Develop. Res., 47(1), 249-258 [In Persian].

Saburi, M. S. and Minaee, A. H. (2009). Classification of greenhouse owners educational needs based on perception of greenhouse owners and agricultural experts in the Garmsar township. J. Agri. Exten. Educat. Res., 2(3), 33-48 [In Persian].

Sayad Mansour, I., Ebrahimi, M. S., Haghi, S. and Gholipour, J. (2015). The effect of training courses on improving managerial skills of greenhouse owners (Case study: south-Baraan district of Isfahan township). J. Greenhouse Culture Sci. Technol., 6(22), 83-92 [In Persian].

Zarei, Q. (2007). Greenhouse research strategic plan. Jihad Keshavarzi Institute of Technical and Engineering Research Publications, Tehran [In Persian].

Environment and Water Engineering

Evaluation of Operation of Irrigation Systems, Learning Resources and Educational Needs Assessment of Greenhouse Owners with Water Scarcity Adaptation Approach (Case Study: Qazvin Province)

References

References

Volume 7, Issue 3
November 2021
Pages 520-532

Evaluation of Operation of Irrigation Systems, Learning Resources and Educational Needs Assessment of Greenhouse Owners with Water Scarcity Adaptation Approach (Case Study: Qazvin Province)

References

References

Volume 7, Issue 3November 2021Pages 520-532

Volume 7, Issue 3
November 2021
Pages 520-532