نوع مقاله : مقاله مروری

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار، گروه مهندسی بهداشت محیط، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بابل، بابل، ایران

2 گروه مهندسی بهداشت محیط، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی سمنان، سمنان، ایران

چکیده

در دهه‌های اخیر در اثر فعالیت‌های بشر نگرانی‌های رو به رشدی در خصوص آلودگی‌های محیط‌زیستی ایجاد شده است. فلزات سنگین ازجمله سرب، کادمیوم و آرسنیک بخشی از آلاینده‌ها بوده که از اهمیت بیش­تری برخوردارند. فلزات سنگین به خاطر سمیت برای انسان و محیط‌زیست جزو مهم‌ترین آلاینده‌ها به­شمار می‌روند. این آلاینده‌ها به­دلیل غیرقابل­تجزیه­بودن و سمیت زیاد، به‌شدت موردتوجه قرارگرفته‌اند. فلزات سنگین جزو سموم نظام­مند بوده و با اثر اختصاصی بر روی اعصاب و سرطان‌زایی می‌توانند سبب مرگ شوند. این سموم با ایجاد اختلال در سیستم عصبی بدن و تحت تأثیر قرار دادن انتقال‌دهنده‌های عصبی و اثر روی سیستم ایمنی، اثرات ناگواری را در انسان ایجاد می‌کنند هدف از این پژوهش تعیین اثرات بهداشتی و محیط‌زیستی فلزات سنگین با تأکید بر کادمیوم، سرب و آرسنیک بود. جهت انجام این پژوهش مروری از پژوهش­های قبلی انجام گرفته توسط نویسندگان و بررسی متون از منابع معتبر علمی استفاده شد. با توجه به اثرات مخرب فلزات سنگین بر روی انسان و سایر موجودات زنده، حذف آن‌ها از پساب‌ها امری اجتناب‌ناپذیر می‌باشد. به­همین دلیل در راستای اجرای مقررات، ضروری است که قبل از تخلیه فاضلاب‌ها در محیط‌زیست، فلزات سنگین آن‌ها تا حد استاندارد تصفیه شوند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Health and Environmental Effects of Heavy Metals (Cd, Pb, As)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Seyedmahmoud Mehdinia 1
  • hamidreza Nassehinia 2

1 Assoc. Professor., Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran

2 Dept. of Environmental Health Engineering, Damghan Faculty of Health, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran

چکیده [English]

There is an increasing concern over environmental pollution because, over the course of the recent decades. Among the heavy metals lead, chrome and arsenic are more toxic to humans. Because of heavy metals’ toxicity to the environment and humans, they are considered important environmental pollutants. These pollutants due to their non-biodegradable, high toxicity are regarded as custodians of the health of the society. Heavy metals are systemic poisons and by a specific effect on the nerves, carcinogenesis can cause death. These poison by disrupting in the nervous system and interfere with neurotransmitters; the immune system can cause horrible effects on human health. The aim of this study was to determine the health and environmental effects of heavy metals with an emphasis on cadmium, lead, and arsenic. To do this review study, previous research conducted by the authors and a review of texts from other authoritative scientific sources have been used. Due to the destructive and harmful effects of toxic elements of heavy metals on humans and other living organisms, their removal from wastewater is inevitable. For this reason, in order to implement the regulations, it is necessary that before discharging sewage into the environment, their heavy metals treated to the standard limit.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Environmental pollutions
  • Heavy metals
  • Health Effects
  • cumulative properties
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