نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش‌آموخته دکتری تخصصی، گروه علوم و مهندسی محیط‌زیست، دانشکده علوم پایه، واحد همدان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، همدان، ایران

2 دانشیار، گروه علوم و مهندسی محیط‌زیست، دانشکده علوم پایه، واحد همدان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، همدان، ایران

3 استاد، گروه علوم و مهندسی محیط‌زیست، دانشکده علوم پایه، واحد همدان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، همدان، ایران

4 استادیار، گروه علوم و مهندسی شیلات، دانشکده منابع‌طبیعی و محیط‌زیست، دانشگاه ملایر، ملایر، ایران

چکیده

مطالعه رسوبات به‌عنوان یکی از مخازن جذب آلاینده­های محیط‌زیستی و به‌ویژه فلزات سنگین اهمیت ویژه‌ای دارد. ازاین‌رو، این پژوهش با هدف منشأ‌یابی و ارزیابی آلودگی عناصر آرسنیک، کادمیم، نیکل و وانادیوم در رسوبات ساحل فرح‌آباد دریاچه خزر در سال 1398 انجام شد. در این مطالعه، پس از جمع‌آوری 36 نمونه رسوب از 12 ایستگاه منتخب، مقادیر پارامترهای pH، EC، ماده آلی و بافت رسوبات تعیین شد. غلظت عناصر به‌روش طیف‌سنجی نوری پلاسمای جفت‌شده القایی تعیین شدند. به‌علاوه، برای ارزیابی آلودگی رسوبات نسبت به محاسبه معیارهای سمیت‌شناسی محیطی ازجمله شاخص­های ضریب آلودگی، غنی‌شدگی و بار آلودگی اقدام و به‌منظور شناسایی منابع بالقوه عناصر و گروه‌بندی آن‌ها در نمونه­های رسوب نیز از روش‌های آماری چندمتغیره و به‌ترتیب تحلیل مؤلفه‌های اصلی و خوشه‌بندی سلسله مراتبی استفاده شد. برای پردازش آماری نتایج نیز از آزمون‌های تحلیل واریانس یک‌طرفه، تی تک‍نمونه‌ای و ضریب همبستگی پیرسون در بستر نرم‌افزار SPSS استفاده شد. میانگین غلظت آرسنیک، کادمیم، نیکل، و وانادیوم به­ترتیب 7/12، 191/0، 0/35، و mg/kg 9/31 بود. نتایج خروجی مدل‌های PCA، HCA، مقادیر شاخص EF و ضریب تغییرات و همچنین، نتایج ماتریس همبستگی پیرسون نشان داد احتمالاً آرسنیک از منابع انسان‌ساخت و عناصر کادمیم، نیکل و وانادیوم نیز از منابع طبیعی نشأت گرفته‌اند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Source Identification and Evaluation of Elemental Pollution of Surface Sediments in Farahabad Coast, Caspian Sea

نویسندگان [English]

  • Arezoo Khalijian 1
  • Bahareh Lorestani 2
  • Soheil Sobhan Ardakani 3
  • Mehrdad Cheraghi 2
  • Lima Tayebi 4

1 Ph.D. Alumni,, Department of the Environment, College of Basic Sciences, Hamedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Hamedan, Iran

2 Assoc. Professor, Department of the Environment, College of Basic Sciences, Hamedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Hamedan, Iran

3 Professor, Department of the Environment, College of Basic Sciences, Hamedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Hamedan, Iran

4 Assist. Professor, Department of Fisheries Science, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Malayer University, Malayer, Iran

چکیده [English]

The study of sediments as one of the reservoirs for absorbing environmental pollutants and especially heavy metals is of particular importance. Therefore, this research was conducted with the aim of identifying and evaluating the contamination of arsenic, cadmium, nickel, and vanadium elements in the sediments of Farahabad coast of the Caspian Sea in 2018. In this study, after collecting 36 sediment samples from 12 selected stations, the values ​​of pH, EC, organic matter, and texture of sediments were determined. The concentrations of elements were determined by inductively coupled plasma optical spectroscopy. In addition, in order to evaluate the pollution of sediments, environmental toxicology criteria were calculated, including indicators of pollution coefficient, enrichment, and pollution load. In order to identify the potential sources of elements and their grouping in the sediment samples, multivariate statistical methods were used, namely principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering. For statistical processing of the results, one-way analysis of variance, one-sample t-test, and Pearson's correlation coefficient were used in the SPSS software. The average concentration of arsenic, cadmium, nickel, and vanadium was 12.7, 0.191, 35.0, and 31.9 mg/kg, respectively. The output results of PCA, HCA models, EF index values, ​​and coefficient of variation, as well as Pearson's correlation matrix, showed that arsenic probably originates from man-made sources and cadmium, nickel, and vanadium elements have natural sources.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Caspian Sea
  • Ecotoxicological Criteria
  • Heavy Metals
  • Multivariate Statistics
  • Sediment Pollution
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