Virtual Water Trade of Cement Industry in Iran

Darvishan, Ehsan

doi:10.22034/jewe.2021.304563.1628

Document Type : Research Paper

Author

Ehsan Darvishan

Assist. Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Roudehen Branch, Islamic Azad University, Roudehen, Iran

https://doi.org/10.22034/jewe.2021.304563.1628

Abstract

Water is a natural source that in addition to being required for development aims, is necessary for survival. After agriculture, the industry is one of the main water consumers in Iran. One of the main water consumer industries is cement production. However, no study is still conducted on the virtual water trade in the cement industry in Iran. In this paper, the virtual water trade between Iran and 68 countries importing cement from Iran and 40 countries to which Iran has exported cement was investigated. The time period of the current research was from 2001 to 2018. The results showed that the virtual water export of cement was 15.385 × 10⁶ m³/yr. The total virtual water export of cement was calculated to be 276.940 × 10⁶ m³. Virtual water imports of cement are 0.147 × 10⁶ m³/yr. Iran is a net exporter of virtual water. For the production and export of cement in Iran, 70% blue water and 30% gray water are used.

Keywords

Main Subjects

water resource management

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Environment and Water Engineering

Virtual Water Trade of Cement Industry in Iran

References

References

Volume 8, Issue 3
September 2022
Pages 726-737

Virtual Water Trade of Cement Industry in Iran

References

References

Volume 8, Issue 3September 2022Pages 726-737

Volume 8, Issue 3
September 2022
Pages 726-737