نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار، گروه محیط زیست، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد رودهن، رودهن، ایران

2 کارشناس ارشد، گروه علوم محیط زیست دانشکده محیط زیست و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد علوم و تحقیقات، تهران، ایران

3 کارشناس ارزیابی اکوسیستم ها و محیط زیست سازمان شیلات ایران، تهران، ایران

چکیده

هیدروکربن‌های آروماتیک حلقوی از آلاینده‌های آلی مهم بوم‌سازگان آبی به شمار می‌روند و از فرآیندهای طبیعی و انسانی تولید می‌شوند. هدف از انجام این پژوهش تعیین غلظت و پراکنش هیدروکربن­های آروماتیک حلقوی و منشأ این ترکیبات در رسوبات سطحی رودخانه حفاظت‌شده چالوس در استان مازندران است. نمونه‌برداری رسوبات سطحی بستر رودخانه­ از چهار ایستگاه واقع در مسیر رودخانه (دارکلا، پل رینگ اول، پل آب‌نمای چالوس و مصب رودخانه) صورت گرفت. استخراج و آنالیز ترکیبات PAHs با روش استاندارد سوکسله، طی دو مرحله کروماتوگرافی ستونی و دستگاه کروماتوگرافی گازی- طیف‌سنجی جرمی انجام شد. بیش­ترین میزان کل این ترکیبات (PAH∑) در رسوبات سطحی بستر رودخانه در مصب رودخانه با غلظت ng/g 30/144 ± 8/903 و کم­ترین غلظت، در ایستگاه دارکلا با غلظت ng/g 35/19 ± 71/51 مشاهده شد. روند تجمع ترکیبات PAHs در رسوبات سطحی رودخانه نشان داد که از بالادست رودخانه به پایین‌دست غلظت PAHs∑ افزایش می‌یابد. تعیین منشأ ترکیبات PAHs در رسوبات سطحی بستر رودخانه با استفاده از نسبت‌های تشخیصی ایزومری نشان داد منشأ ترکیبات PAHs در رودخانه، اختلاطی از منابع پتروژنیک و پایروژنیک با غالبیت پتروژنیک بود. رسوبات سطحی رودخانه بر اساس رهنمود کیفیت رسوب NOAA، به‌استثنای ایستگاه دارکلا که در بالادست رودخانه چالوس واقع‌شده و دارای آلودگی کم بود، در سایر ایستگاه‌های موردمطالعه در رودخانه در محدوده آلودگی متوسط قرار داشتند. ورود پساب‌های کشاورزی مزارع اطراف، افزایش جمعیت و وسایط نقلیه در منطقه باعث افزایش ترکیبات PAHs در رسوبات رودخانه شده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigation of Distribution and Origin of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Chalous River Surface Sediments

نویسندگان [English]

  • Azita Behbahaninia 1
  • Alireza Mashayekhi 2
  • Ali Azimi 3

1 Assist. Professor, Department of Environment, Faculty of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University, Roudhan Branch, Roudhan, Iran

2 M.Sc., Department of Environment, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resource, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran

3 PhD Alumni, Iran Fisheries Organization, Tehran, Iran

چکیده [English]

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are among the important organic pollutants in the aquatic ecosystems generally generated by natural and human processes. The purpose of this study was to determine the concentration and distribution of PAHs and the origin of these compounds in the surface sediments of the Protected Chalous River in Mazandaran Province. Sampling of surface sediments of the riverbed was performed at four stations located along the river (Darkala, first ring bridge, Chalous fountain bridge and estuary). The extraction and analysis of PAHs was performed using standard Soxhlet method in two stages: column chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The highest and lowest total amount of these compounds (∑PAHs) was observed in the surface sediments of the riverbed at the estuary and Darkala stations (903.8±144.30 and 51.71±19.33 ng/g) respectively. The trend of accumulation of PAHs in the surface sediments showed that the ∑PAHs concentration increased from the upstream to downstream in the river. Determining the origin of PAHs in surface sediments of the riverbed using isomeric diagnostic ratios showed that the origin of PAHs in the river was a mixture of petrogenic and pyrogenic sources with petrogenic dominance. According to the NOAA sediment quality standard, the sediments samples were in the range of moderate pollution in the studied stations, except at Darkala station, located upstream of Chalous river and had low pollution. The influx of agricultural effluents from the surrounding farms, the increase in population and vehicles in the area has led to an increase in the composition of PAHs in river sediments.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Chalous River
  • Surface Sediment
  • Origin
  • PAHs
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