نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار، گروه پژوهشی حفاظت آب و خاک، پژوهشکده حفاظت خاک و آبخیزداری، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

2 استادیار، گروه پژوهشی هیدرولوژی و توسعه منابع آب، پژوهشکده حفاظت خاک و آبخیزداری، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

منحنی تداوم جریان، یکی از معیار­های مناسب­ شناخت پاسخ هیدرولوژیک آبخیز­­­ها است. شناخت برهمکنش پدیده خشک­سالی با شاخص­های منحنی تداوم جریان (FDC)، ابزاری مناسب برای مدیریت بهینه منابع آب آبخیز است. هدف پژوهش حاضر، بررسی رابطه زمانی خشک­سالی و شاخص­های FDC در آبخیز کارستی کاکارضا است. در این پژوهش ابتدا دوره مشترک (1396-1361) برای ایستگاه­های آب­سنجی و باران­سنجی متناظر در نظر گرفته شد. سپس شاخص بارش استانداردشده (SPI) و شاخص دبی استانداردشده (SDI) در مقیاس‌های زمانی 3، 6، 9 و Mon 12 محاسبه شد. FDC و تداوم جریان ترسیم و شاخص­های منحنی محاسبه و استاندارد شد. روابط شاخص خشک­سالی با شاخص­های FDC با استفاده از روش همبستگی، بررسی و تحلیل شد. نتایج نشان داد که روند کلی تغییرات دو شاخص SPI و SDI در پایه­های زمانی متناظر، از هم تبعیت می­کند. ولی بیش­ترین تطابق روندها مربوط به گام زمانی سه ماه است. میزان تغییرات نسبی در بخش شاخص­ کم­آبی (Q90/Q50)، بسیار کم و در حد 6/0% و در بخش پر­آبی (Q25/Q50) در حد 41/4% بود. همبستگی بین شاخص­های استانداردشده منحنی تداوم جریان و منحنی تداوم بارش، ضریب تبیین 904/0 را نشان داد. تغییرات شاخص شکل FDC در محدوده 5/0 تا 5% و روند تغییرات آن در طول دوره پژوهش با شیب ملایم، افزایشی است. میزان کم تغییرات شاخص­های FDC و شاخص شکل منحنی، نقش پدیده کارست در تعیین شکل FDC و همچنین کنترل نوسانات جریان و تأمین جریان­های پایدار در دوره خشک­سالی را نشان داد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating the Impact of Drought on Flow Duration Curve in Karst Catchments (Case study: Kaka-Reza Catchment)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Rahim Kazemi 1
  • Bagher Ghermezcheshmeh 2

1 Assist. Professor, Hydrology and Water Resources Development Research Group, Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, Iran

2 Department of Hydrology and water resources development, Soil Conservation and Watershed management institute

چکیده [English]

Flow duration curve (FDC) is one of the most appropriate criteria for recognizing the hydrological response of catchments. Understanding the interaction of drought phenomenon along with FDC indices is a suitable tool for optimal water resources management of catchment. The aim of this study was to investigate the temporal relationship between drought and FDC indices in the Kaka-Reza, karstic catchment. In this study, the common period (1982-2017) was considered for the corresponding hydrometric and rain gauge stations. The standardized precipitation index (SPI) and standardized discharge index (SDI) were then calculated at time scales of 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. Precipitation duration curve (PDC) and FDC were plotted and curve indices were calculated and standardized. The relationships between drought index and FDC indices were investigated and analyzed. The results showed the general trend of changes in SPI and SDI in the respective time scales follow each other. However, the most consistent trends are related to the time step of three months. The rate of relative changes in the section of low flow indices (Q90/Q50) were very small and around 0.6% and in the high flow (Q25/Q50) was around 4.41%. The correlation between FDC and PDC showed coefficient of determination of 0.904. The rate of slope change was from 0.5 to 5% and trend of its changes was a slight upward slope during the research period. The small amount changes of FDC indices and slope of FDC showed the role of karst phenomenon in determining the shape of FDC as well as controlling flow fluctuations and providing stable flow during the drought period.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Hydrologic Response
  • Karst Water Resource
  • Precipitation Duration Curve
  • Standardized Precipitation Index
Agawala, S., Barlow, M., Gullen, H. and Lyon, B. (2001). The drought and humanitarian crisis Central Southwest Asia: A climate perspective. International research institute for climate prediction, Palisades (IRI) Special Report. 1(1), 11-24.
Alizadeh, A. (2007). Principal of applied hydrology, 14th Ed. Mashhad. Emamreza University [In Persian].
Amini, A., Abdeh Kolahchi, A., Al-Ansari, N., Karami Moghadam, M. and Mohammad, T. (2019). Application of TRMM precipitation data to evaluate drought and its effects on water resources instability. Appl. Sci., 9(24), 1-18.
Azareh, A., Rahdari, M. R., Sardoii, E. R. and Moghadam, F. A. (2014). Investigate the relationship between hydrological and meteorological droughts in Karaj dam basin. Euro. J. Experim. Bio., 4(3), 102-107.
Babaei, H., Araghinejad, S. H. and Horfar, A. (2011). Time interval identification of the occurrences of meteorological and hydrological droughts in Zayandeh-Rud basin. Arid Biom. Sci. Res. J., 1(3), 1-12 [In Persian].
Eghtedari, M., Bazrafshan, J., Shafie, M.,and Hejabi, S. (2016). Prediction of streamflow drought using SPI and Markov chain in Kharkheh Basin. J. Water Soil Cons., 23(2), 115-130 [In Persian].
Fiorillo, F., and Guadagno, F. M. (2010). Karst spring discharges analysis in relation to drought periods, using the SPI. Water Resour. Manage., 24(9), 1867-1884.
Fiorillo, F., Leone, G., Pagnozzi, M. and Esposito, L. (2020). Long-term trends in karst spring discharge and relation to climate factors and changes. Hydrogeol. J., 29, 347–377.
Ghorbani, M., Mozayyan, M. and Zarei, H. (2019). Hydrological drought investigation of Armand River using low flows analysis. J. Water Soil Conser., 26(3), 247-263 [In Persian].
Islami, A. R. and Shokouhi, A. R. (2013). Analysis of river flow status using hydrological-environmental drought index. J. Water Manage. Eng. Manage., 5(2), 125-133 [In Persian].
Jahangir, M. H. and Yarahmadi, Y. (2020). Hydrological drought analyzing and monitoring by using streamflow drought index (SDI) (case study: Lorestan, Iran). Arab. J. Geosci., 13(3), 1-12.
Karimi, M., Shahedi, K. and Bayazidi, M. (2019). Analysis of hydrological drought using constant threshold level method (Case study: Karkheh River Basin, Iran). J. Water. Manage. Res, 6(11), 59-72 [In Persian].
Kazemi, R. (2018). Modeling of base flow using geomorphologic parameters in Karkheh Basin, PhD Thesis, Khwarizmi University, Iran [In Persian].
Kazemi, R. and Porhemmat, J. (2018). Investigation and determination of factors affecting the shape of the flow duration curve in different climates of Iran. J. Water Soil Conser., 25(1), 85-105 [In Persian].
Koushki, R., Rahimi, M., Amiri, M., Mohammadi, M. and Dastorani, J. (2017). Investigation of relationship between meteorological and hydrological drought in Karkheh watershed. Iran. J. Ecohydrol., 4(3), 687-698.
Linares, R., Roqué, C., Gutiérrez, F., Zarroca, M., Carbonel, D., Bach, J. and Fabregat, I. (2017). The impact of droughts and climate change on sinkhole occurrence. A case study from the evaporite karst of the Fluvia Valley, NE Spain. Sci. Tot. Environ., 579, 345-358.
McKee, T. B. and Doesken, N. J. (1993). The relationship of drought frequency and duration to time scales Eight Conference on Applied Climatology. Anaheim, CA, American Meteorological Society. 179-18u PP.
MesbahZadeh, T. and SoleimaniSardoo, F. (2018). Temporal trend study of hydrological and meteorological drought in Karkheh watershed. Iran. J. Watershed Manage. Sci. Eng., 12(40), 105-114 [In Persian].
 Mofidipoor, N., Sheikh, V., Ownegh, M. and Sadodin, A. (2011). The analysis of relationship between meteorological and hydrological droughts in Atrak. J. Watershed Manage. Res., 3(5), 16-26 [In Persian].
Nerantzaki, S. D. and Nikolaidis, N. P. (2020). The response of three Mediterranean karst springs to drought and the impact of climate change. J. Hydrol., 591, 125296. DOI.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2020.125296.
Sheikh, Z. and Moghaddam-Nia, A. (2019). Spatio-temporal changes evaluation of flow duration curve seasonal indexes (FDCSI) during four decades in Namak Lake Basin, Iran Water Resour. Res., 15(2), 39-56 [In Persian].
Tigkas, D., Vangelis, H. and Tsakiris, G. (2012). Drought and climatic change impact on streamflow in small watersheds. Sci. Tot. Environ., 440, 33-41.
Vardipour, A., Azarakhsh, M., Mosaedi, A. and Farzadmehr, J. (2014). The relationship between meteorological and hydrological droughts Mashhad plain. The national conference of sciences and environment engineering, June. Ahvaz [In Persian].
Vicente-Serrano, S. M. and Lopez-Moreno, J. I. (2005). Hydrological response to different time scales of climatological drought: an evaluation of the Standardized Precipitation Index in a mountainous Mediterranean basin. Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 9(5), 523-533.
Yoshida, T. and Troch, P. A. (2016). Convolution of volcanic catchments in Japan.  J. Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 1133-1150.
Zheng, H., Zhang, L., Liu, C., Shao, Q. and Fukushima, Y. (2007). Changes in stream flow regime in headwater catchments of the Yellow River basin since the 1950s. J. Hydrol. Process, 21(7), 886–893.