نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه عمران، دانشکده مهندسی عمران، دانشگاه علم و صنعت ایران، تهران، ایران

2 استاد، گروه عمران، دانشکده مهندسی عمران، دانشگاه علم و صنعت ایران، تهران، ایران

چکیده

یکی از مشکلات مدیریت و کنترل فرسایش و رسوب حوزه­های آبخیز، فقدان داده­های آماری جهت برآورد دقیق میزان رسوب و فرسایش است. به­منظور اجرای برنامه­های حفاظت خاک و تعیین روش­های مبارزه با فرسایش و کاهش رسوب­زایی، ارزیابی و برآورد حجم کل میزان تولید رسوب سالانه امری ضروری است. هدف از پژوهش حاضر، برآورد شدت فرسایش و میزان رسوب حوزه آبخیز بابلرود واقع در استان مازندران با مساحت حدود km2 962 همراه با تنوع توپوگرافی، سنگ­شناسی و پوشش گیاهی با استفاده از مدل­ تجربی MPSIAC و تعیین میزان دقت این مدل با بهره­گیری از نرم­افزار Arc-GIS بود. در این روش تأثیر و نقش 9 عامل مؤثر در فرسایش خاک ارزیابی و بسته به شدت و ضعف هر عامل، عددی به آن نسبت داده‌شده است. با در نظر گرفتن مجموع اعداد به‌دست‌آمده برای عوامل مختلف، میزان رسوب­دهی حوضه برآورد ­شده است. نتایج مطالعه نشان می­دهد که بر اساس مدل MPSIAC، حوزه آبخیز بابلرود با میزان رسوب­دهی m3/km2*y 469/166 در طبقه کم از نظر رسوب­دهی قرار دارد. از علل اصلی آن، وجود مراتع متراکم و سازندهای آهکی و سنگ­های دارای سختی متوسط تا زیاد در اغلب زیر حوضه­ها می­باشد. همچنین طبق نتایج به‌دست‌آمده از مدل­، بیشترین مقدار فرسایش در ناحیه شمالی حوزه آبخیز قرار دارد که علت آن وجود کاربری غیرقابل کشت می­باشد. به­منظور ارزیابی دقت نتایج به‌دست‌آمده از مدل تجربی، از اطلاعات مشاهده­ای دو ایستگاه رسوب­سنجی استفاده‌شده است و نتایج بیانگر اختلاف نسبی متوسط 21% می­باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Estimation of Annual Erosion and Sedimentation in Babolroud Catchment using MPSIAC Model

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ehsan Shahiri Tabarestani 1
  • Hossein Afzalimehr 2

1 PhD Scholar, Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran

2 Professor, Department of Water and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran

چکیده [English]

One of the problems of controlling erosion in catchment areas is the lack of statistical data to accurately estimate the amount of sedimentation and erosion. In order to implement soil protection programs and determine methods to reduce sedimentation, it is necessary to estimate the total volume of annual sediment production. The purpose of this study was to estimate the erosion intensity and sedimentation rate of Babolroud catchment located in Mazandaran province with an area of 962 km2 and the variety of topography, lithology and vegetation using MPSIAC empirical model and to determine the accuracy of this model using Arc-GIS. In this method, the role of 9 factors affecting soil erosion were evaluated and depending on the severity and weakness of each factor, a score is attributed to it. Finally, considering the sum of the scores obtained for different factors, the sedimentation rate of the catchment was estimated. The results showed that, Babolroud catchment area with sedimentation rate of 166.469 m3/km2.y is located on the low zone of sedimentation. One of the causes is the presence of dense pastures and calcareous formations and rocks with medium to high hardness in most areas. Moreover, according to the results, the highest amount of erosion is in the northern part of the catchment. In order to evaluate the accuracy of the results obtained from the experimental model, the observed information of the two sedimentation stations was used and the results indicate a relative average difference of 21% in the MPSIAC model.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Catchment
  • Empirical Model
  • Observed Values
  • Sedimentation Factors
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