نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکترا، گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان، کرمان، ایران

2 استاد، گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان، کرمان، ایران

3 دانشیار، گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان، کرمان، ایران

4 استادیار، گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران

چکیده

در مناطق خشک و نیمه‌خشک، کشاورزی منجر به کاهش تراز سطح آب دریاچه‌های بزرگ مانند دریاچه آرال، دریاچه ارومیه، دریاچه هامون و دریاچه بختگان شده­است. هدف اصلی از انجام این تحقیق ارزیابی پایداری زیست‌محیطی و کشاورزی حوزه‌های آبریز زرینه‌رود و سیمینه‌رود به‌عنوان بزرگ‌ترین زیرحوضه‌های دریاچه ارومیه می‌باشد. شاخص پایداری با استفاده از معیارهای عملکرد اطمینان‌پذیری، برگشت‌پذیری و آسیب‌پذیری محاسبه شد. در این تحقیق هم‌چنین شاخص کمبود آب آبیاری برای مناطق کشاورزی مورد تحلیل قرارگرفت. مقادیر تقاضای آبیاری و شاخص کمبود آب آبیاری (تقاضای برآورد نشده) با استفاده از مدل WEAP21 محاسبه و شاخص­های پایداری کشاورزی و زیست محیطی بدست آمد. نتایج نشان­داد که شاخص پایداری زیست‌محیطی حوزه‌های آبریز زرینه‌رود و سیمینه‌رود در جهت تأمین نیاز زیست‌محیطی دریاچه ارومیه در طی دوره مورد مطالعه به‌ترتیب برابر 39/0 و 41/0 می‌باشد. هم‌چنین شاخص پایداری کشاورزی به‌ترتیب برابر 64/0 و 74/0 به‌دست آمد. مقادیر شاخص کمبود آب آبیاری نیز نشان­داد که تقاضای آبیاری برای کلیه مناطق کشاورزی به‌طور کامل تأمین نشده است. نتایج فوق نشان داد که حوزه‌های آبریز زرینه‌رود و سیمینه‌رود هم از لحاظ زیست‌محیطی و هم از لحاظ کشاورزی ناپایدار است. با توجه به اینکه در طی دوره مطالعه تغییرات سطح زیرکشت در اکثر مناطق کشاورزی روند افزایشی داشته است، بنابراین می‌توان نتیجه گرفت که توسعه کشاورزی و اضافه شدن برداشت‌های آب برای مصارف کشاورزی عامل اصلی ناپایداری زیست‌محیطی و کشاورزی است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of Environmental and Agricultural Sustainability Indices of Zarrinehrud and Siminehrud River Basins

نویسندگان [English]

  • Jamal Ahmadaali 1
  • Gholam-Abbas Barani 2
  • Kourosh Qaderi 3
  • Behzad Hessari 4

1 Ph.D. Scholar, Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran

2 Professor, Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran

3 Associate Professor, Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran

4 Assist. Professor, Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran

چکیده [English]

In the arid and semi-arid regions, agriculture has led to decline in water levels in major lakes such as the Aral Sea, Urmia, Hamoun and Bakhtegan lakes. The major objective of the present study was to evaluate the environmental and agricultural sustainability of Zarrinehrud and Siminehrud river basins as the largest sub-basin of Urmia Lake basin. The sustainability index was calculated using reliability, resilience, and vulnerability performance criteria. In this study, the irrigation water deficit (IWD) index was calculated for the irrigation districts. Irrigation demand and irrigation water deficit indices were calculated using WEAP21 model. Results showed that the environmental sustainability of Zarrinehrud and Siminehrud river basins to supply the environmental flow requirements of the Urmia Lake during the studied period was 0.39 and 0.41 respectively. Nevertheless, the agricultural sustainability index of Zarrinehrud and Siminehrud river basins was 0.64 and 0.74 respectively. Moreover, the amount of IWD index showed that water demand for all irrigation districts has not been fully met. The above results indicated that the Zarrinehrud and Siminehrud river basins were unstable both in terms of the environment and agriculture. Whereas during the study, the changes in land under cultivation in most irrigation districts had an increasing trend, ttherefore, it can be concluded that agricultural development and the addition of water harvests for agricultural use have been the main cause of environmental and agricultural instability.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • vulnerability
  • Reliability
  • Resilience
  • Urmia Lake
  • WEAP21 Model
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