نوع مقاله : مقاله مروری

نویسندگان

1 کارشناسی ارشد، گروه مهندسی معدن، دانشکده مهندسی معدن، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

2 استادیار، گروه مهندسی معدن، دانشکده مهندسی معدن، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

چکیده

در میان آلودگی‌های شناخته‌شده، آلودگی آب یکی از بزرگ‌ترین نگرانی‌هایی است که به‌شدت بقای موجودات زنده را تحت تأثیر قرار می‌دهد. در سال‌های اخیر افزایش فعالیت‌های صنعتی باعث تولید میزان بالای پساب‌های آلوده حاوی مواد سمی و خطرناک شده است که آلودگی آب‌ها را به دنبال دارد. این آلودگی باعث تأثیر بر زندگی انسان و حیوانات می‌شود. وجود آب سالم و عاری از آلودگی برای فعالیت‌های متعدد بیشترین محرک برای تحقیقات درزمینه تصفیه پساب‌ها است. برخی تلاش‌های صورت گرفته درزمینه کنترل آلودگی آب شامل شناورسازی، صاف­سازی، تبادل یون، انعقادسازی، رسوب و جذب است. از چندین سال قبل به دلیل قابلیت‌های گسترده فناوری نانو توجهات فراوانی به این علم در این زمینه  شده است. فناوری نانوکه مهندسی سیستم‌های عملکردی در مقیاس مولکول است به معنای توانمندی تولید مواد، ابزارها و سیستم‌های جدید با در دست گرفتن کنترل در سطوح مولکولی و اتمی و استفاده از خواص ذرات در ابعاد نانو هست. کاهش اندازه نانو ذرات منجر به افزایش سطح ذرات و ایجاد خواص ویژه‌ای خواهد شد که بر اساس سازوکار کوانتمی، این فرایند منجر به تغییر برخی از خواص فیزیکی و شیمیایی مواد و ایجاد خواص غیرمعمولی می‌شود که در موارد تصفیه پساب‌ها بسیار پرکاربرد است. تمرکز این پژوهش بیشتر درزمینه­های جذب سطحی توسط نانوذرات هست. از مهم‌ترین نانو ساختارهای کاربردی در این زمینه می‌توان به نانولوله‌های کربنی، نانو اکسیدهای فلزی اشاره کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

New Technologies in the Synthesis of Nano-Structures used in Wastewater Treatment- A Review

نویسندگان [English]

  • Negin Sarmadi 1
  • Mahdi Gharabaghi 2
  • Soheila Aslani 2

1 M.Sc., Department of Mining Engineering, Faculty of Mining Engineering, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran

2 Assist. Professor, Department of Mining Engineering, Faculty of Mining Engineering, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran

چکیده [English]

Nanotechnology is the engineering of functional systems on a molecular scale, which refers to the projected ability to construct materials, tools, and new systems via controlling individual atoms and molecules through the characteristics of particles of matter at the nano-meter scale. One of the main environmental applications of nanotechnology is in the wastewater treatment processes. Mining activities can lead to serious problems such as acidic waste production, heavy metals pollution, cyanide spills, and the pollution by organic pollutants. There are several techniques to eliminate the above pollutants from the wastewater including precipitation, ion exchange, membrane filtration technology, electrochemical methods, and the absorption process. Currently, absorption process is one of the most effective and economic techniques for wastewater treatment. Carbon nanotubes (CNT) and Nano metal oxides are flexible and reusable nanoscale structures, which make them more advantageous over the other nanostructures. Moreover, they have more applications due to their higher surface area in comparison with other particles. This review explains the application of these nanostructures in wastewater treatment.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Nanotechnology
  • Wastewater
  • Adsorption
  • Carbon Nano Tubes
  • Nano Metal Oxide
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